CISA, the NSA, and the FBI issued a joint advisory disclosing that six China-based AI companies — DeepSeek, Moonshot AI, Alibaba, MiniMax, StepFun, and Z.AI — systematically extracted proprietary capabilities from Anthropic’s Claude, OpenAI’s GPT, Google’s Gemini, and xAI’s Grok models since late 2024. The companies used API proxies, fraudulent accounts, and access-control bypasses to pull billions of tokens across millions of queries, a technique known as industrial-scale knowledge distillation. The agencies said the campaigns were likely carried out with the knowledge of the Chinese government, reducing the companies’ own AI development costs and timelines while strengthening China’s military and cyberattack capabilities.