Canada’s immigration department rejected a permanent residence application from a health-scientist applicant with a PhD in immunology after a generative-AI-assisted review fabricated job duties for her, describing work such as wiring control circuits and programming that she never performed or claimed. The refusal letter disclosed the use of generative AI in the review, believed to be the first time the department explicitly acknowledged this in a refusal decision, even though a human officer was said to have verified the content beforehand. After the applicant’s lawyer challenged the decision, the department reopened the file on reconsideration and the applicant’s Federal Court challenge was discontinued.